УДК 331.45 Проанализированы данные по проблеме обеспечения допустимых значений нормируемых показателей аэроионного состава воздуха в помещениях, в том числе степени исследованности понятия аэроионов воздуха. Приведены результаты экспериментального исследования аэроионного состава воздуха и других производственных факторов в помещении выпуска технической документации с большим количеством компьютерного и копировально-множительного оборудования. Проведенные измерения концентрации аэроионов, напряженности электростатического поля и параметров микроклимата (температура, относительная влажность и скорость движения воздуха) на рабочих местах позволили выявить, что значительное повышение концентрации аэроионов как отрицательной, так и положительной полярности происходит при распылении пара ультразвуковым увлажнителем воздуха. Показано, что на корректность измерений аэроионного состава воздуха в помещениях с компьютерным и копировально-множительным оборудованием может оказывать влияние ряд условий, которые необходимо учитывать. С. 3 – 8 A. D. Korobenkov, Associate Professor, e-mail: korobenkov@corp.nstu.ru, Y. K. Ignatchenko, Master Degree Student, Novosibirsk State Technical University The article analyzes the data on the problem of ensuring acceptable values of normalized indicators of the aeroionic composition of air in rooms, including the degree to which the concept of aeroionic ions is studied. The results of an experimental study of the aeroionic composition of air in the room for the production of technical documentation with a large number of computer and copying equipment are presented. The measurements of the concentration of aeroions, electrostatic field strength and microclimate parameters (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) at workplaces revealed that a significant increase in the concentration of aero ions of both negative and positive polarity occurs when steam is sprayed with an ultrasonic air humidifier. It is shown that the correctness of measurements of the aeroionic composition of air in rooms with computer and copying equipment can be influenced by a number of conditions that must be taken into account. |
УДК 331.452 С. 9–13 A. V. Popov, Senior Lecturer, e-mail: alexandrus238@yandex.ru, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch) of Volgograd State Technical University, R. O. Sokolov, Postgraduate Student, Institute of Human Brain named after N. P. Bekhtereva of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg The article presents the results of the research conducted by the authors. Due to the significant number of road accidents caused by driver fatigue and the lack of large-scale research on this issue in the Russian Federation, the goal is to investigate the manifestations of fatigue among city bus drivers. As part of this goal, it is necessary to conduct a questionnaire survey of drivers and analyze the results obtained. It was found that quite a large number of bus drivers experienced severe drowsiness at work, the number of cases of short-term falling asleep at the wheel in the previous period is insignificant. The main reason for drowsiness is not presented among the suggested answers. The vast majority of respondents stated that they had worked more than 8 hours in the previous period. The majority of respondents consider it necessary to have a device for monitoring the driver's condition, the most preferred sensor is made in the form of a bracelet and a sound signal as a warning. A significant number of respondents have symptoms that indicate a risk of OSAS. |
УДК 331.46.613.6(571.150) В статье приведены статистические данные по травматизму и профессиональной заболеваемости в Алтайском крае. По результатам анализа наиболее травмоопасными отраслями являются сельское хозяйство, строительство, обрабатывающие производства и торговля. С. 14–17 L. V. Kobtseva, Associate Professor, e-mail: Kobtseva_l@inbox.ru, N. D. Dorokhova, Associate Professor, Altai State Agrarian University, Barnaul The article provides statistical data on work-related injuries and occupational diseases in the Altai territory. According to the results of the analysis, the most injurious industries are agriculture, construction, manufacturing and trade. |
УДК 331.45 С. 17–20 E. I. Gavrikova, Leading Engineer, e-mail: GavrE08@yandex.ru, Orel State Agrarian University named after N. V. Parakhin |
УДК 614-053.2-084 С. 21–25 L. I. Kaspruk, Professor of Department, e-mail: Kaspruk61@yandex.ru, Orenburg State Medical University The article presents the results of a study of the medical and biological bases of life safety in the format of preventive work with the children's population in the region on the example of the Orenburg region. The monitoring of cases of child mortality from external causes revealed the most common causes of death of children (injuries, poisoning, murder, suicide, etc.), which made it possible to determine the priority areas of preventive work to prevent child mortality. The need to develop healthy lifestyle skills and safe behavior stereotypes is actualized. In order to increase the effectiveness of prevention measures, it is necessary to introduce a more precise algorithmization of active sanitary and educational work with children on improving the culture of behavior, combating alcoholism and drug addiction. It is proved that it is necessary to develop and implement new forms of work with socially disadvantaged families on the basis of improving the activities of the social service and legal assessment of families who have allowed child death from external causes. When implementing and improving prevention programs implemented to work with children, it is necessary to take into account regional characteristics. |
УДК 351.862.1 Приведены данные анализа существующей законодательной и нормативной правовой базы Российской Федерации в сфере федерального государственного надзора в области гражданской обороны. Выявлены противоречия в требованиях, изложенных в нормативно-правовых документах, регламентирующих деятельность надзорных органов. С. 26–32 S. I. Khlobystin, Associate Professor, This article analyzes the existing legislative and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of Federal state supervision in the field of civil defense. There are contradictions in the requirements set out in the regulatory documents regulating the activities of Supervisory authorities. |
УДК 662.61.074:665.6 Рассмотрены и проанализированы действующие на предприятиях нефтеперерабатывающих производств способы и устройства для утилизации тепловых вторичных энергетических ресурсов в целях повышения эффективности использования топлива в трубчатых нагревательных печах и снижения вредных выбросов в атмосферу. Даны рекомендации по выбору наиболее рациональных установок для утилизации теплоты уходящих продуктов сгорания печных агрегатов. Представлены принципиально новые устройства для сжигания жидкого топлива с использованием утилизации теплоты выбрасываемых продуктов сгорания печных установок для подогрева водомазутной эмульсии и дальнейшего экологичного ее сжигания. С. 33–37 V. D. Katin, Professor of Department, e-mail: bgd@festu.khv.ru, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Professor of Department, Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, A. A. Zhuravlev, Postgraduate Student, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk The analysis of methods and devices used at enterprises of the oil refineries for utilization of thermal secondary energy resources in order to increase the efficiency of fuel use in furnaces and the concomitant reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Recommendations are given on the selection of the most rational installations for the utilization of the heat of outgoing flue gases of furnace units. A new author's devices for burning liquid fuel was developed and proposed with the utilization of the heat of the combustion products leaving the furnaces plants for heating the water-oil emulsion and further ecological combustion. |
УДК 577-4 Рассмотрены вопросы разработки новой флотационной техники для очистки воды на основе принципа биоподобия и применения многостадийной и обобщенной моделей флотации. Процесс очистки воды с использованием флотации как основы предлагаемой технологии рассматривается на основе многостадийной и обобщенной моделей флотации, а конструирование водоочистной установки для реализации указанной технологии предлагается на основе принципа биоподобия, в том числе в одном корпусе на единой платформе. Описаны различные флотокомбайны, разработанные для очистки воды, в которых одновременно осуществляются процессы очистки воды и сгущения осадков. Создание флотокомбайнов в одном корпусе на единой платформе рассмотрено на ряде примеров. С. 38 – 42 B. S. Ksenofontov, Professor, e-mail: kbsflot@mail.ru, Bauman Moscow State Technical University The paper deals with the development of new flotation technology for water purification based on the principles of biosimilarity and the use of a multistage flotation model. The process of water purification using flotation as the basis of the new proposed technology is considered on the basis of multistage and generalized flotation models, and the design of a water treatment plant for the implementation of this technology is proposed on the basis of biosimilarity, including in one building on a single platform. Described are various flotation harvesters designed for water purification, in which the processes of water purification and sediment thickening are carried out simultaneously. The creation of flotation harvesters in one building on a single platform is considered on a number of examples. |
УДК 504.055 Рассмотрены вопросы шумового воздействия авиационного транспорта на селитебные территории Санкт-Петербурга, расположенные в непосредственной близости к аэропорту Пулково. Приведены результаты оценки уровня шума на ближайших к аэропорту селитебных территориях. Определены уровни шума в нескольких расчетных точках путем проведения инструментальных замеров с обработкой данных по действующим нормативным методикам и расчетов с использованием лицензированного программного комплекса "АРМ Акустика 3.2.8". Проведенные оценки показали превышение допустимых уровней шума в расчетных точках, расположенных в селитебных зонах. Рассмотрены вопросы об актуальности границ санитарно-защитной зоны аэропорта Пулково. Для уточнения границ санитарно-защитной зоны построены картограммы распределения шума на прилегающих к аэропорту территориях. С. 43–48 N. V. Sakova, Associate Professor, e-mail: nat.sakova@mail.ru, A. V. Kulinkovich, Associate Professor, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, K. V. Gulyaeva, Master Degree Student, Saint-Petersburg State University Noise pollution of residential areas, caused by all types of transport, is currently becoming a rather urgent problem for large cities. This article considered the noise impact of air transport on residential areas of St. Petersburg, located close to Pulkovo airport. A survey of local residents and analysis of the official websites of the ministry had revealed a large number of complaints from the local population about the noise of flying aircraft. The article presented the results of the assessment of the noise level in the residential areas closest to the airport. Noise levels were estimated at several calculated points by carrying out instrumental measurements with data processing according to the current regulatory methods and calculations using the licensed AWP Acoustics 3.2.8 software package. The conducted assessments showed that the permissible noise levels at the calculated points located in residential areas were exceeded. The article raised questions about the accuracy of the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone of Pulkovo airport. To clarify the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone, cartograms of noise distribution in the close to the airport territories were built. |
УДК 371.3 Рассмотрена тема безопасного поведения обучающихся при чрезвычайных ситуациях техногенного характера. Описана роль системы образования в защите от техногенных опасностей: проанализированы Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт основного общего образования, процесс изучения темы "Техногенные опасности" в рамках дисциплины "Основы безопасности жизнедеятельности" (ОБЖ). Представлены результаты исследования по определению степени информированности обучающихся и педагогов о правилах безопасного поведения при возникновении чрезвычайных ситуаций (ЧС) техногенного характера. На основе анализа полученных данных разработана программа мероприятий по совершенствованию знаний участников образовательных отношений в вопросах защиты от поражающих факторов чрезвычайных ситуаций техногенного характера. С. 49–56 N. A. Medvedeva, Associate Professor, e-mail: mednatalia2015@yandex.ru, L. V. Kashitsina, Associate Professor, Balashov Institute of Saratov State University The paper discusses the topic of safe behaviour of schoolchildren in emergency situations of technogenic nature. The definition of the notion of an "emergency situation" is given. The role of the education system in protecting against technological hazards is described. The Federal Educational Standard of Basic General Education, the process of studying the topic "Technogenic hazards" within the framework of the course "Fundamentals of Life Safety" are analyzed. Diagnostic tools are presented to determine the awareness of participants in educational relations on the issues of protection against the damaging factors of technogenic emergencies. The results of a study to determine the degree of awareness of schoolchildren and teachers about the rules of safe behaviour in case of emergencies of a technogenic nature are described. On the basis of the analysis of the data obtained a program of measures has been developed to improve the knowledge of participants in educational relations in matters of protection from the damaging factors of technological emergencies. It is meant for 11 hours of extracurricular work: of which seven classes are for schoolchildren of year 8, two ones are both for teachers and schoolchildren, and two ones are only for teachers. The presented results of the repeated research allow us to state about the effectiveness of the proposed program and the possibility of its implementation in the practice of the educational process. |